LANSING — The Republican-controlled Michigan Legislature on Wednesday passed laws that would raise the state’s minimum wage to $12 an hour and require companies to offer paid sick leave — if they are not watered down before taking effect next year.

The proposed ballot initiatives could have gone before voters in November, but now they will not. Their pre-emptive passage by lawmakers is part of an unprecedented business-backed strategy — the legality of which is in question — to make them easier to alter during the “lame-duck” period in November or December. If voters had passed the measures, legislators would have needed three-fourths majorities in each chamber to alter them, instead of the simple majority votes they will need now.

Many Democrats voted against the bills they support, saying they do not know what changes are coming, including whether Republicans could try to repeal them altogether. State Sen. Curtis Hertel Jr., of East Lansing, called the maneuver “nothing more than a classic bait-and-switch, a trick on the voters here in Michigan, an attack on our democracy.” And Senate Minority Leader Jim Ananich, of Flint, said it is a “scam” on voters and workers.

The Senate voted 24-13 to pass both bills, with three Republicans and 10 Democrats in opposition. The votes were 78-28 in the House, where more Democrats joined Republicans in support.

Under the Michigan Constitution, legislators can adopt a ballot initiative, making it law; reject it, putting it to a statewide vote; or propose an alternative to appear alongside the measure on the ballot. Since approval of the 1963 constitution, Michigan lawmakers have adopted seven initiatives but amended just one — and it was not in the same legislative session.

If the Legislature does pass the measure and prevent it from going to voters, the group backing the $12 minimum wage, One Fair Wage, has promised to sue over what its lawyer said Tuesday would be an unconstitutional maneuver.

Republican state Senate Majority Leader Arlan Meekhof of West Olive, however, said Wednesday that he believes the strategy is legal.

“We’re going to consider different options, a whole suite of different things that we may think are more friendly to Michigan to make sure that workers are indeed cared for and that still provide for economic development for the state to keep moving forward,” he said, declining to elaborate.

Michigan’s hourly minimum wage is $9.25 and, starting in 2019, it is currently set to increase annually with inflation unless the unemployment rate is high. Under the proposal, the wage would rise to $10 in 2019, $10.65 in 2020, $11.35 in 2021 and $12 in 2022, with yearly inflationary adjustments afterward.

The minimum wage for tipped employees would gradually increase from the current $3.52 until reaching the minimum wage for all other workers in 2024. That provision, in particular, has drawn opposition from restaurants.

The sick time proposal would require that workers earn one hour of paid leave for every 30 hours worked. Employees at businesses with at least 10 workers could use up to 72 hours of paid leave a year, unless an employer selects a higher limit. Those working for smaller employers could use up to 40 hours of paid time and another 32 hours of unpaid leave.

Charlie Owens, state director for the small business group NFIB, which had called for both initiatives to be kept off the ballot, credited legislators for preserving their right “to have a measured and informed debate on these issues and craft practical and sound solutions that work for the people of our state, rather than an all-or-nothing extreme mandate imposed by outside special interest groups. We look forward to those discussions where we will have an opportunity to point out the unworkable requirements that these proposals will impose on small business and job providers in our state.”

Not every Republican was comfortable with the strategy.

State Sen. Patrick Colbeck, of Wayne County’s Canton Township, opposes the initiatives but said Republicans should have fought them at the ballot box. He called the maneuver a “procedural gimmick” and said “that’s not how we should be doing things.”